Directly created electrostatic micro-domains on hydroxyapatite: probing with a Kelvin Force probe and a protein

Micro-domains of modified surface potential (SP) were created on hydroxyapatite films by direct patterning by mid-energy focused electron beam, typically available as a microprobe of Scanning Electron Microscopes. The SP distribution of these patterns has been studied on sub-micrometer scale by the Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy method as well as lysozyme adsorption. Since the lysozyme is positively charged at physiological pH, it allows us to track positively and negatively charged areas of the SP patterns. Distribution of the adsorbed proteins over the domains was in good agreement with the observed SP patterns.