Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigations Into the Human Metabolism of Trestolone (7α-Methyl-19-Nortestosterone).

Drug testing and analysis·2025
Same author

Long-Term Excretion of Roxadustat in Urine.

Drug testing and analysis·2024
Same author

Improving the Determination of Carbon Isotope Ratios of Endogenous Steroids Found in Human Serum.

Drug testing and analysis·2024
Same author

Screening for adiponectin receptor agonists and their metabolites in urine and dried blood spots.

Clinical mass spectrometry (Del Mar, Calif.)·2024
Same author

Investigations into the Concentrations and Metabolite Profiles of Doping Agents and Antidepressants in Human Seminal Fluid Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals·2024
Same author

Experiences and challenges for EQA providers in assessing the commutability of control materials in accuracy-based EQA programs.

Frontiers in medicine·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays
10:01

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Published on: April 23, 2012

Zeranol: doping offence or mycotoxin? A case-related study.

Mario Thevis1, Gregor Fusshöller, Wilhelm Schänzer

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany. m.thevis@biochem.dshs-koeln.de

Drug Testing and Analysis
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Zeranol, a banned anabolic agent, can be mistaken for the mycotoxin zearalenone. Doping tests must differentiate between illicit zeranol use and contamination from zearalenone, which can mimic zeranol

More Related Videos

Using Tg(Vtg1:mcherry) Zebrafish Embryos to Test the Estrogenic Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
12:02

Using Tg(Vtg1:mcherry) Zebrafish Embryos to Test the Estrogenic Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

Published on: August 8, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays
10:01

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Published on: April 23, 2012

Using Tg(Vtg1:mcherry) Zebrafish Embryos to Test the Estrogenic Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
12:02

Using Tg(Vtg1:mcherry) Zebrafish Embryos to Test the Estrogenic Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

Published on: August 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Zeranol is a semi-synthetic estrogenic veterinary drug with growth-promoting properties, banned in the EU and sports due to anabolic effects.
  • Distinguishing illicit zeranol use from natural occurrence as a zearalenone metabolite is crucial for livestock and human sports drug testing.
  • Human sports drug testing faces challenges in differentiating deliberate zeranol misuse from adverse findings due to zearalenone biotransformation from contaminated food.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic pathways of zearalenone and zeranol in humans.
  • To develop and validate methods for differentiating illicit zeranol administration from zearalenone contamination in doping controls.
  • To assess the reliability of current doping control methods in identifying zeranol misuse versus natural occurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring of zeranol, its metabolites (zearalanone, 7β-zearalanol), zearalenone, and its metabolites (α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol) in doping control samples.
  • Utilized validated gas chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry (GC-(MS/)MS) methods since 1996.
  • Conducted in vitro metabolism studies and an administration study with oral zeranol application.

Main Results:

  • Four suspicious samples were detected between 2005 and 2010.
  • In vitro studies confirmed the metabolic pathway from zearalenone to zeranol and common metabolites.
  • An administration study showed only ultra-trace amounts of zearalenone and its metabolites after oral zeranol intake, suggesting contamination rather than misuse.

Conclusions:

  • The metabolic pathway from zearalenone to zeranol supports the possibility of false positives in doping tests.
  • Administration studies indicate that zeranol misuse is unlikely to produce detectable zearalenone metabolites.
  • Findings suggest that detected zeranol in doping control specimens may more likely result from mycotoxin contamination than illicit drug use.