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Calibrating the end-Permian mass extinction.

Shu-zhong Shen1, James L Crowley, Yue Wang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing 210008, China. szshen@nigpas.ac.cn

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The end-Permian mass extinction, Earth's most severe biodiversity crisis, peaked just before 252.28 million years ago. This catastrophic event, marked by a rapid carbon isotope excursion and widespread wildfires, was likely caused by massive greenhouse gas release.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Geochronology
  • Isotope Geochemistry

Background:

  • The end-Permian mass extinction represents the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth's history.
  • Understanding the precise timing and causes of this event is crucial for comprehending past environmental changes and future risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely date the end-Permian mass extinction event.
  • To investigate the environmental conditions and potential triggers associated with the extinction.

Main Methods:

  • Collection and analysis of geochronologic, isotopic (δ(13)C), and biostratigraphic data from South China sedimentary sections.
  • High-precision Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) dating.
  • Analysis of sedimentary layers for evidence of wildfires (charcoal, soot).

Main Results:

  • The extinction peak is dated to just before 252.28 ± 0.08 million years ago.
  • A significant decline in δ(13)C occurred over 90,000 years, followed by a rapid excursion of -5‰ lasting ≤20,000 years.
  • The extinction interval was less than 200,000 years, synchronous in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, with evidence of widespread wildfires.

Conclusions:

  • The end-Permian mass extinction was a rapid event with a precise geochronologic age.
  • The extinction coincided with significant carbon cycle perturbations and terrestrial burning.
  • A massive release of thermogenic carbon dioxide and/or methane is proposed as the primary cause of this catastrophic extinction.