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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

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Development and Validation of Chromium Getters for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems
12:30

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Published on: May 26, 2019

Lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells.

Eric D Wachsman1, Kang Taek Lee

  • 1University of Maryland Energy Research Center, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ewach@umd.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Solid oxide fuel cells offer flexible fueling and high efficiency at 650°C. New materials enable lower operating temperatures (~350°C), transforming energy conversion and storage.

Area of Science:

  • Energy Conversion and Storage
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Fuel cells overcome combustion efficiency limits, but proton-exchange membrane fuel cells dominate hydrogen economy investments.
  • Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can use conventional fuels and hydrogen but face challenges with high operating temperatures (~800°C), materials, cost, and thermal cycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advancements in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) enabling operation at lower temperatures.
  • To demonstrate the potential of SOFCs for flexible fueling and improved energy efficiency within existing infrastructure.

Main Methods:

  • Development of high-conductivity electrolytes.
  • Design of nanostructured electrodes.
  • Testing of SOFC performance at reduced operating temperatures.

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Main Results:

  • Achieved high power densities of approximately 2 W/cm² at 650°C.
  • Demonstrated flexible fueling capabilities.
  • Identified pathways for performance enhancement at temperatures as low as ~350°C.

Conclusions:

  • Recent SOFC advancements overcome previous temperature limitations.
  • Lower operating temperatures offer significant potential for transforming energy conversion and storage.
  • SOFCs represent a viable and evolving energy technology for current and future infrastructure.