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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

Veins of Upper Limbs

The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Overview of Systemic Veins01:11

Overview of Systemic Veins

Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart, they are as follows.
The coronary sinus, the heart's principal vein, resides in the coronary sulcus on the heart's posterior aspect. This broad venous channel receives nearly all venous blood from the myocardium, the heart muscle. It is fed by three primary veins: the great cardiac vein, the middle...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

Debendra Pattanaik1, Monica Brown, Arnold E Postlethwaite

  • 1Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.

Journal of Inflammation Research
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves vascular issues, autoimmunity, and fibrosis. This review explores SSc vascular abnormalities, treatments, and the role of lysophospholipids in disease pathogenesis.

Keywords:
LPAS1Pautoimmunityfibrosisvasculopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease.
  • Its etiology and pathogenesis, including autoimmunity, fibrosis, and vasculopathy, remain largely unknown.
  • Clinical manifestations and outcomes vary significantly based on SSc subset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the vascular abnormalities characteristic of Systemic Sclerosis.
  • To discuss current therapeutic options for managing SSc vascular manifestations.
  • To explore the potential role of lysophospholipids in SSc pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of systemic sclerosis, vascular disease, and lysophospholipid signaling.
  • Analysis of current treatment strategies for vascular complications in SSc.
  • Discussion of the interplay between autoimmunity, fibrosis, and vasculopathy in SSc.

Main Results:

  • SSc presents a wide spectrum of vascular abnormalities.
  • Various treatments exist for managing vascular manifestations.
  • Lysophospholipids, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid may modulate SSc pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SSc vascular disease is crucial for patient management.
  • Targeting vascular manifestations and exploring lysophospholipid pathways may offer new therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the interconnectedness of SSc hallmarks.