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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

Published on: May 20, 2019

Hinged cast brace for persistent flexion contracture following total knee replacement.

Matthew D Karam¹, Andrew Pugely, John J Callaghan

¹Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal

|November 19, 2011

Summary

A novel hinged cast brace effectively treats persistent knee flexion contractures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) when other methods fail. This treatment improves knee extension by gradually adjusting the brace toward full extension.

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Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

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Published on: November 9, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

Published on: May 20, 2019

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Published on: November 9, 2018

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Rehabilitation medicine

Background:

Persistent knee flexion contracture is a challenging complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), occurring in 1-15% of cases.
Existing treatments for TKA-related knee flexion contractures often prove insufficient.

Observation:

A novel treatment approach utilizing a hinged cast brace, previously applied to other conditions like femur fractures and contractures from hemophilia or cerebral palsy, is described.
This hinged cast brace is specifically adapted for patients experiencing symptomatic knee flexion contractures post-TKA.

Findings:

The application of the hinged cast brace, with adjustments made every 3-4 days initially, demonstrated effectiveness in improving knee extension.
This method showed success even after the failure of conventional physical therapy and extension-assist braces.
Two clinical cases illustrate the successful reduction of symptomatic knee flexion contractures using this protocol.

Implications:

This hinged cast brace offers a promising, novel therapeutic option for managing difficult knee flexion contractures after total knee arthroplasty.
Further investigation into this technique could refine treatment protocols for post-TKA stiffness and improve patient outcomes.