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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients01:14

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an organic...
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.

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[Selection of visible-NIR variables based on extraction and successive projections algorithm].

Xu-Dong Sun1, Yong Hao, Li-Jun Cai

  • 1School of Mechatronics Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China. sunxudong_18@163.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|November 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study improved fruit quality prediction using spectral analysis. The successive projections algorithm (SPA) with partial least squares (PLS) models enhanced accuracy for soluble solids, acidity, and vitamin C in Nanfeng mandarins.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Chemometrics
  • Agricultural Science

Context:

  • Accurate quality assessment of fruits is crucial for agricultural product management.
  • Traditional methods for determining fruit quality parameters can be time-consuming and destructive.
  • Spectroscopic techniques offer a rapid, non-destructive alternative for fruit quality analysis.

Purpose:

  • To develop and validate a chemometric model for predicting soluble solids, total acidity, and vitamin C content in Nanfeng mandarin fruits.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of spectral data preprocessing techniques, specifically equal interval extraction.
  • To compare variable selection algorithms, including genetic algorithm (GA) and successive projections algorithm (SPA), for partial least squares (PLS) model development.

Summary:

  • Spectral data from Nanfeng mandarin fruits were acquired using a Si charge-coupled device detector.
  • Equal interval extraction was applied to reconstruct the spectral matrix, followed by variable selection using GA and SPA.
  • Successive projections algorithm-partial least squares (SPA-PLS) models demonstrated superior predictive performance, with low standard errors of cross-validation (SECV) for soluble solids (0.661 °Brix), total acidity (0.067%), and vitamin C (2.91 mg x (100 g)(-1)).

Impact:

  • The study demonstrates that combining equal interval extraction with SPA-PLS significantly enhances the predictive accuracy of fruit quality parameters.
  • This approach offers a robust and efficient method for non-destructive quality assessment of Nanfeng mandarin fruits.
  • The findings have implications for improving quality control and management in the citrus industry.