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Updated: May 27, 2026
Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
Published on: March 6, 2019
[Prenatal diagnosis and management of foetal lung lesions]
S Hourrier1, L-J Salomon, J-P Bault
1Département Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France. sophie.hourrier@nck.aphp.fr
Introduction:
Foetal lung lesions are uncommon (<1/1000 deliveries). Prenatal ultrasound can distinguish echogenic and cystic lesions.
Background:
The most frequently diagnosed abnormalities are congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (echogenic and/or cystic), pulmonary sequestration (echogenic), congenital lobar emphysema (echogenic) and bronchogenic cyst (cystic). Most of them carry a good prognosis but complications, including foetal hydrops, may occur and should be looked for regularly prenatally. Congenital upper airway obstruction syndromes are very rare and carry a very poor prognosis.
Viewpoint:
The follow-up of these pregnancies should be undertaken in a tertiary centre and information regarding postnatal management should be given prenatally by the doctors who will care for the infant after birth. Serial ultrasound examinations are required to evaluate the natural history and detect complications. Spontaneous regression may occur. The occurrence of foetal hydrops is usually fatal in the absence of treatment and should be managed as an emergency.
Conclusions:
Congenital malformations of the lung are rare and usually carry a good prognosis. Careful follow-up and delivery should be performed in a tertiary centre and postnatal investigation should include clinical and radiological evaluation.
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