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Related Concept Videos

Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Organization of the Nervous System01:13

Organization of the Nervous System

The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, houses billions of neurons. The brain is housed in the skull, while the spinal cord is linked to the brain through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is surrounded by the protective structure of the vertebral column. It is responsible for processing various...
Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Functional network organization of the human brain.

Jonathan D Power1, Alexander L Cohen, Steven M Nelson

  • 1Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. powerj@wusm.wustl.edu

Neuron
|November 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study models the human brain

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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
08:06

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

Published on: February 15, 2021

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Graph Theory
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Complex systems, including the brain, can be modeled as graphs.
  • Resting state functional connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is used to study brain organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel graph models of functional brain organization in healthy adults.
  • To identify and characterize subgraphs within these brain networks.
  • To investigate the network properties of the default mode network.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of two novel brain-wide graphs: a 264-area graph and a modified voxelwise graph.
  • Analysis of subgraphs within the proposed networks.
  • Application of graph measures to assess network properties, particularly for the default mode network.

Main Results:

  • The proposed graphs contain subgraphs aligning with known functional brain systems.
  • Some novel subgraphs were identified, with potential functional characteristics suggested.
  • The default mode network exhibits properties of internal integration and isolation, similar to processing systems.
  • The modified voxelwise graph revealed spatial patterns of functional systems across the cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Graph theory provides a powerful framework for understanding brain functional organization.
  • The novel graph models offer new insights into brain network architecture and the default mode network's role.
  • Further research can explore the functional significance of newly identified subgraphs and spatial motifs.