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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
12:17

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

Published on: May 21, 2017

Aortic valve replacement with smaller valve size.

Manabu Sato1, Etsuro Suenaga, Shugo Koga

  • 1Nagasaki Kouseikai Hospital, Japan. ccfsoccer2002@yahoo.co.jp

Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals
|November 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement is rare, even with small valve sizes. Most patients experienced left ventricular mass regression and acceptable transprosthetic gradients post-surgery.

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Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) can impact outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR).
  • Evaluating PPM requires assessing effective orifice area index (EOAI) relative to body size.
  • Small prosthetic valve sizes may increase the risk of PPM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence of PPM after AVR.
  • To assess the impact of small prosthetic valve size on postoperative hemodynamics.
  • To analyze echocardiographic parameters related to PPM in AVR patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 249 patients undergoing AVR.
  • Echocardiographic assessment of projected effective orifice area index (EOAI).
  • Comparison of hemodynamic parameters between patients with and without PPM, and between small vs. larger prostheses.

Main Results:

  • PPM (EOAI < 0.85 cm(2)·m(-2)) was observed in a minority of patients (56/249).
  • Patients receiving small prostheses (≤ 19 mm) exhibited higher transprosthetic gradients.
  • Left ventricular mass regression and acceptable gradients were common across groups.

Conclusions:

  • Prosthesis-patient mismatch is infrequent following aortic valve replacement.
  • Small valve size is associated with higher gradients but does not preclude favorable outcomes.
  • Left ventricular remodeling and acceptable hemodynamics are generally achieved post-AVR.