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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Guided growth for ankle valgus.

Peter M Stevens1, Jason M Kennedy, Man Hung

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA. peter.stevens@hsc.utah.edu

Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
|November 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Guided growth using a medial tension band plate effectively corrects ankle valgus in pediatric patients. This safe and well-tolerated technique offers a comparable correction rate to other methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Pediatric orthopedics
  • Skeletal growth modulation

Background:

  • Ankle valgus is common in congenital and acquired conditions, causing hindfoot pronation and foot deformities.
  • Traditional orthoses do not alter the natural course of ankle valgus.
  • Medial hemiepiphysiodesis of the tibia is a recognized correction method, but screw removal can be challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the technique of guided growth for ankle valgus using a medial tension band plate.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of this guided growth method.
  • To compare its outcomes with existing treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 33 patients (57 ankles) undergoing guided growth for ankle valgus.
  • Weightbearing anteroposterior radiographs were used to measure the lateral distal tibial angle and assess fibular station.
  • Follow-up continued until skeletal maturity or full correction was achieved.

Main Results:

  • The lateral distal tibial angle improved significantly, from an average of 78.7 to 90 degrees at implant removal.
  • The average rate of correction was 0.6 degrees per month.
  • Complications were minimal, including two cases of skin breakdown with infection; no hardware failures or premature physeal closure occurred.

Conclusions:

  • Guided growth of the distal medial tibia is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric ankle valgus.
  • The tension band plate technique is well-tolerated and can be combined with other treatments.
  • This method provides a correction rate comparable to traditional transmalleolar screw fixation.