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Related Concept Videos

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...

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Stochastic delay accelerates signaling in gene networks.

Krešimir Josić1, José Manuel López, William Ott

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Texas, United States of America.

Plos Computational Biology
|November 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Increasing randomness in protein production delay can speed up signaling in genetic networks. This finding, derived from queueing theory, impacts understanding of gene regulation and network dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Protein synthesis from DNA involves complex, multi-step reactions like transcription and translation.
  • The timing of protein production is crucial for gene regulatory network function.
  • Stochasticity in these reactions leads to random delays in protein maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of distributed delay in protein production on information propagation in genetic networks.
  • To analyze how variability in reaction steps affects signaling speed and network behavior.
  • To explore the role of delay in common genetic network motifs.

Main Methods:

  • Application of queueing theory to model protein production delays.
  • Development of an analytically tractable model for gene regulatory networks.
  • Validation through stochastic simulations of transcriptional networks.
  • Analysis of specific motifs like feedforward loops and negative feedback circuits.

Main Results:

  • Increased randomness in protein production delay can enhance signaling speed in transcriptional networks.
  • Distributed delay significantly impacts both the timing and magnitude of signals in feedforward loops.
  • Variability in delay time reduces the period and amplitude of oscillations in negative feedback circuits.

Conclusions:

  • Queueing theory provides a framework for understanding the effects of stochastic delays in gene expression.
  • Variability in protein production timing is not always detrimental and can optimize network signaling.
  • Delay dynamics play a critical role in the behavior of genetic circuits, influencing oscillation and signal propagation.