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Related Concept Videos

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning01:19

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning

Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
The steps involved in shaping begin with reinforcing any response that resembles the desired behavior. For example, parents might praise a child for picking up one toy. As...
The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
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Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Shaping phases by phasing shapes.

Oleg Gang1, Yugang Zhang

  • 1Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA. ogang@bnl.gov

ACS Nano
|November 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shape-shifting building blocks enable dynamic structural control in self-assembled systems. Computational studies reveal efficient packings and novel, reversible structures for advanced materials.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

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Published on: January 28, 2019

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Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
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Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Self-assembly is a fundamental process for creating ordered structures.
  • Dynamic structural control is crucial for advanced materials and devices.
  • Shape-shifting building blocks offer a novel approach to self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally examine phase reconfigurations and kinetic pathways of shape-shifting building blocks.
  • To explore unique properties and potential applications of these dynamic self-assembled systems.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of systems composed of shape-shifting building blocks.
  • Analysis of phase reconfigurations and kinetic pathways during self-assembly.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated more efficient packing arrangements compared to conventional self-assembly.
  • Identified novel structures and reversible, multistep shape-shifting pathways.
  • Highlighted the potential for diverse applications due to reliance on geometrical constraints.

Conclusions:

  • Shape-shifting building blocks provide a powerful strategy for dynamic structural control in self-assembly.
  • These systems exhibit unique properties, including efficient packing and novel structures.
  • The approach is broadly applicable and paves the way for next-generation dynamically switchable materials and reconfigurable devices.