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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
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Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
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Published on: March 17, 2023

Energy metabolism in nuclear reprogramming.

Clifford D L Folmes1, Timothy J Nelson, Andre Terzic

  • 1Center for Regenerative Medicine and Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, MN, USA.

Biomarkers in Medicine
|November 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear reprogramming resets cells to a pluripotent state, with mitochondrial energy metabolism crucial for this process. Changes in cell metabolism are key to understanding and controlling cell fate reprogramming.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Metabolic regulation

Background:

  • Nuclear reprogramming reverts somatic cells to pluripotency using specific factors.
  • Mitochondrial restructuring and bioenergetic plasticity are increasingly recognized as vital for dedifferentiation.
  • Metabolic profiles of pluripotent cells offer insights into lineage redifferentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in nuclear reprogramming.
  • To identify metabolic remodeling traits associated with cell fate determination.
  • To establish energy metabolism as a key axis for biomarker discovery in cell reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nuclear reprogramming techniques with stemness factors.
  • Performed metabolomic profiling of cells during reprogramming and redifferentiation.
  • Analyzed changes in mitochondrial structure and cellular energy metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis) is essential for efficient reprogramming.
  • Identified specific metabolic remodeling patterns that characterize pluripotent cell redifferentiation.
  • Established a link between mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and the acquisition of stemness.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism are critical regulators of cell fate.
  • Metabolic plasticity, particularly the shift towards glycolysis, drives successful reprogramming.
  • Energy metabolism provides a vital axis for discovering biomarkers related to cell resetting and redirection.