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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

Fatigue's effect on eversion force sense in individuals with and without functional ankle instability.

Cynthia J Wright¹, Brent L Arnold

¹Health and Physical Education Dept, Marywood University, Scranton, PA, USA.

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

|November 23, 2011

Summary

Fatigue impairs ankle force sense equally in individuals with and without functional ankle instability (FAI). However, individuals with FAI demonstrate reduced accuracy in force production, indicating impaired proprioception.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Biomechanics
Motor Control

Background:

Force sense (FS), the ability to detect muscle force, is impaired in functional ankle instability (FAI).
Fatigue is known to affect FS in healthy individuals, but its impact on FAI is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of fatigue on ankle-eversion force-sense error in individuals with and without FAI.
To compare FS accuracy between FAI and healthy groups under different fatigue conditions.

Main Methods:

A case-control study with repeated measures was conducted in a sports medicine laboratory.
32 individuals with FAI and 32 healthy controls performed ankle-eversion FS tasks at 10% and 30% maximal voluntary isometric contraction before and after a fatigue protocol.
Force-sense error was quantified using constant error (CE), absolute error (AE), and variable error (VE).

Main Results:

Fatigue significantly increased FS error at 10% load for CE and AE, and for VE at both 10% and 30% loads.
The FAI group exhibited greater absolute error (AE) in force production compared to the control group.
No significant interactions involving the group factor were observed, indicating fatigue affected FS similarly across both groups.

Conclusions:

Individuals with FAI demonstrate less accurate force production (higher AE), suggesting impaired proprioception.
Fatigue equally impairs force sense in both individuals with and without FAI.
These findings highlight deficits in proprioception associated with both FAI and fatigue.