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Autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy in Calabria: clinical, immunological and genetic
C Betterle1, L Ghizzoni, A Cassio
1Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. corrado.betterle@unipd.it
Unlabelled:
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal- dystrophy (APECED), also known as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), is a very rare disease. Diagnosis requires the presence of at least two of three major clinical features: chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease.
Design:
In this study, we analyzed Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) gene mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in APECED patients originating from Calabria, a region in the south of Italy.
Patients And Methods:
Four patients and their first-degree relatives were evaluated for clinical manifestations, autoantibody presence and AIRE gene mutations.
Results:
Three patients carried a homozygous W78R mutation on exon 2, typical of patients with APECED from Apulia; the fourth patient had a homozygous R203X mutation on exon 5, typical of APECED patients from Sicily. Clinical disease expression showed wide variability. Analysis of relatives allowed the identification of 6 heterozygotes, none of whom showed major findings of APECED.
Conclusions:
No AIRE gene mutations specific to Calabria were found in patients with APS-1, but mutations similar to those in patients from Apulia and Sicily. Heterozygosity for AIRE gene mutation is not associated with major findings of APECED.
