Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026
07:45
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
Published on: July 21, 2020
Extraocular muscle dynamics in diplopia from enophthalmos
Michael K Yoon1, John R Economides, Jonathan C Horton
1Beckman Vision Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California - San Francisco, USA.
Strabismus
|November 24, 2011
Summary
Postoperative enophthalmos after orbital surgery can cause diplopia. This case suggests that slack in extraocular muscles due to orbital wall defects leads to vision disturbances during eye movements.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neurosurgery
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Diplopia following orbital surgery is a complex issue.
- Understanding the mechanism of diplopia from enophthalmos is crucial for patient outcomes.
Observation:
- A 55-year-old man developed diplopia after a transorbital craniotomy for a basilar aneurysm.
- Inadequate lateral orbital wall reconstruction led to 8 mm of left enophthalmos.
- The patient experienced limited ocular excursions (elevation, adduction, abduction) and increased ocular separation with gaze eccentricity.
Findings:
- CT scans revealed defects in the sphenoid and frontal bones, significant enophthalmos, and shortened rectus muscles.
- Slack in the extraocular muscles was identified as the cause of reduced muscle force.
- This muscle slack resulted in diplopia during ocular rotation.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of meticulous orbital wall reconstruction after orbitotomy.
- A novel mechanism for postoperative diplopia related to enophthalmos is proposed.
- Findings emphasize the link between orbital structural integrity and normal ocular motility.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Muscles of the Eye
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
01:17Accessory Structures of the Eye
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...