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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Dynamic nuclear spin resonance in n-GaAs.

Y S Chen1, D Reuter, A D Wieck

  • 1Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CeNIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany. yuansen.chen@uni-due.de

Physical Review Letters
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We studied nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in n-GaAs using optical detection. The research reveals how electron-spin polarization and magnetic resonance influence nuclear spin dynamics and depolarization mechanisms.

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High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions
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Published on: January 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum optics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance (ODNMR) provides insights into nuclear spin dynamics.
  • Hyperfine interactions between electrons and nuclei are crucial in semiconductors like n-GaAs.
  • Understanding nuclear spin relaxation is key to controlling spin-based quantum information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of ODNMR in n-GaAs.
  • To identify the mechanisms governing nuclear spin polarization and depolarization.
  • To utilize time-resolved Kerr rotation with on-chip microcoils for precise NMR field generation.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy was employed.
  • An on-chip microcoil was used for radiofrequency (rf) field generation.
  • Master equation simulations were performed to analyze experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Both optically allowed and forbidden NMR signals were observed.
  • The nuclear spin dynamics were found to be controlled by dynamic nuclear polarization and resonance absorption.
  • Characteristic nuclear spin relaxation rates were extracted and compared with simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully elucidated the interplay between electron spin polarization and nuclear spin dynamics in n-GaAs.
  • Specific nuclear spin depolarization mechanisms were identified for different resonances.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of spin interactions in semiconductor systems.