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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...

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Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly
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Particle trapping and banding in rapid colloidal solidification.

J A W Elliott1, S S L Peppin

  • 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Edmonton, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a formula for how colloidal particles separate near a moving interface during rapid solidification. This helps explain defects in materials like alumina suspensions and gels.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Colloidal systems and their behavior at interfaces are crucial in materials processing.
  • Understanding nonequilibrium phenomena is key for controlling microstructure during rapid solidification.
  • Defect formation in solidified materials impacts their properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive an expression for the nonequilibrium segregation coefficient of colloidal particles.
  • To establish a kinetic phase diagram for colloidal systems near moving interfaces.
  • To explain the origin of bandlike defects in rapidly solidified alumina suspensions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical derivation of the segregation coefficient.
  • Development of a kinetic phase diagram.
  • Application of the model to experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • An expression for the nonequilibrium segregation coefficient was successfully derived.
  • A kinetic phase diagram was established, outlining phase behavior under rapid solidification.
  • The model explains the formation of bandlike defects in alumina suspensions.

Conclusions:

  • The derived segregation coefficient and kinetic phase diagram provide insights into colloidal particle behavior during rapid solidification.
  • The findings are applicable to various colloidal systems, including clay soils and gels.
  • The study elucidates the mechanism behind bandlike defect formation in solidified suspensions.