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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

Coupling single molecule magnets to ferromagnetic substrates.

A Lodi Rizzini1, C Krull, T Balashov

  • 1Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN-CIN2), UAB Campus, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single molecule magnets (SMMs) like TbPc(2) couple antiferromagnetically to nickel substrates via ligand-mediated superexchange. This interaction enables control over SMM magnetism for potential use in spin valve devices.

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Multiplexed Single-molecule Force Proteolysis Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers
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Multiplexed Single-molecule Force Proteolysis Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

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Published on: September 19, 2017

Multiplexed Single-molecule Force Proteolysis Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers
10:08

Multiplexed Single-molecule Force Proteolysis Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: July 25, 2012

Area of Science:

  • * Condensed matter physics
  • * Materials science
  • * Nanotechnology

Background:

  • * Single molecule magnets (SMMs) are crucial for developing next-generation data storage and quantum computing technologies.
  • * Understanding the magnetic coupling between SMMs and substrates is essential for device fabrication.
  • * Terbium phthalocyanine (TbPc(2)) complexes are promising SMMs due to their high magnetic anisotropy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the magnetic interaction between TbPc(2) SMMs and ferromagnetic nickel (Ni) substrates.
  • * To explore the influence of interface engineering on the magnetic coupling.
  • * To assess the potential of TbPc(2)/Ni systems in spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • * Element-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy to probe magnetic coupling.
  • * Fabrication of TbPc(2) thin films on Ni substrates with controlled interface properties.
  • * Magnetic characterization of SMMs on different substrate orientations.

Main Results:

  • * Antiferromagnetic coupling between TbPc(2) and Ni films mediated by ligand-mediated superexchange was confirmed.
  • * The coupling strength and anisotropy were found to be tunable by interface doping.
  • * Enhanced magnetic remanence was observed for TbPc(2) on perpendicularly magnetized Ni films.
  • * TbPc(2) magnetization could be controlled parallel or antiparallel to the substrate, unlike paramagnetic molecules.

Conclusions:

  • * Ligand-mediated superexchange provides an effective mechanism for coupling SMMs to ferromagnetic substrates.
  • * Interface engineering offers a pathway to tailor SMM magnetic behavior.
  • * The controllable magnetic states of TbPc(2) on Ni substrates open possibilities for their integration into spin valve devices.