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Updated: May 27, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Selection of treatment modalities or observation of arteriovenous malformations
John C Barr1, Christopher S Ogilvy
1Neurosurgical Service, Endovascular and Neurovascular Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Abstract:
This article provides management guidelines for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Management options include observation, surgical excision, endovascular embolization, and radiosurgery. Each of these can be used individually or combined for multimodal therapy based on the characteristics of the lesion. The article stratifies each lesion based on the AVM and patient characteristics to either observation or a single or multimodal treatment arm. The treatment of an AVM must be carefully weighed in each patient because of the risk of neurologic injury in functional areas of the brain and weighed against the natural history of hemorrhage.
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