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Related Concept Videos

Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...

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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

FLC: a hidden polycomb response element shows up in silence.

Diana Mihaela Buzas1, Yosuke Tamada, Tetsuya Kurata

  • 1Plant Reproductive Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan. diana@bs.naist.jp

Plant & Cell Physiology
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins regulate Arabidopsis FLC. Functional Polycomb response elements (PREs) were identified within the FLC locus, differing structurally from Drosophila PREs.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are key epigenetic regulators in eukaryotes.
  • Polycomb response elements (PREs) are cis-acting elements that bind PcG proteins, well-documented in Drosophila but less so in other organisms.
  • The flowering repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in Arabidopsis thaliana is a known target of PcG/trxG regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of PRE-like activities within the Arabidopsis FLC locus.
  • To determine if FLC cis-acting elements satisfy the criteria for Polycomb response elements (PREs) defined in Drosophila.
  • To analyze how PcG/trxG proteins interact with the FLC locus across different transcriptional states.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of four distinct transcriptional states of the FLC locus in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Evaluation of cis-acting elements within FLC for PcG/trxG recruitment capabilities.
  • Comparison of FLC regulatory modules with established Drosophila Polycomb response element (PRE) criteria.

Main Results:

  • Two redundant cis-acting elements (Modules IIA and IIB) within the FLC coding region mediate PcG recruitment when FLC is not transcribed.
  • TrxG proteins are recruited to a region overlapping the transcription start site (Module I) during high FLC expression.
  • Prolonged cold exposure induces a repressed FLC state maintained after the cold period, utilizing the same regulatory modules.

Conclusions:

  • Modules I, IIA, and IIB within the FLC locus each partially fulfill the functional criteria of a Polycomb response element (PRE).
  • These modules collectively constitute the functional FLC PRE, exhibiting structural differences compared to canonical Drosophila PREs.
  • This study elucidates a distinct mechanism of PcG/trxG genome interaction in plants, highlighting conserved yet divergent epigenetic regulatory strategies.