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Related Concept Videos

Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

An Overview of the Endocrine System

The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...
Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...

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Phenotypic continuum between Waardenburg syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans with SOX10 variants.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2023
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Heterozygous mutations in SOX2 may cause idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism via dominant-negative mechanisms.

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The p190 RhoGAPs, ARHGAP35, and ARHGAP5 are implicated in GnRH neuronal development: Evidence from patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, zebrafish, and in vitro GAP activity assay.

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Prevalence and Phenotypic Effects of Copy Number Variants in Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells
10:05

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Published on: September 30, 2018

Commentary: the year in endocrine genetics for basic scientists.

William F Crowley1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Harvard Medical School Center of Excellence in Reproductive Endocrinology (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development), MA 02114, USA. molendo@endo-society.org

Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency reveals insights into neuroendocrinology. This human genetic model demonstrates an oligogenic architecture underlying GnRH neuron development and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology and Developmental Biology
  • Endocrine Genetics

Background:

  • Integrating single-gene mutation studies with polygenic condition research is a key challenge in endocrine genetics.
  • Isolated GnRH deficiency serves as a valuable human model for understanding neuroendocrine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the developmental biology of GnRH neurons using a human genetic disorder model.
  • To identify genes involved in GnRH neuron specification, migration, and function.
  • To investigate the genetic architecture of isolated GnRH deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a human genetic disorder (isolated GnRH deficiency).
  • Study of clinical phenotypes associated with the disorder.
  • Genetic analysis to identify responsible genes and their interactions.

Main Results:

  • Provided novel insights into the origins and early development of the GnRH neuronal network.
  • Identified multiple genes crucial for GnRH neuron development and function.
  • Revealed evidence of gene interactions, suggesting an oligogenic basis for the condition.

Conclusions:

  • The study of isolated GnRH deficiency offers unique insights into GnRH neuron developmental biology, overcoming limitations of nonhuman models.
  • This human genetic model highlights the complex genetic underpinnings of neuroendocrine development, moving beyond simple monogenic inheritance.