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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...

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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
10:18

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

Published on: February 21, 2017

Phase tomography from x-ray coherent diffractive imaging projections.

Manuel Guizar-Sicairos1, Ana Diaz, Mirko Holler

  • 1Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. manuel.guizar-sicairos@psi.ch

Optics Express
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New algorithms enhance coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) for 3D reconstructions. These methods improve phase projection processing and alignment, enabling high-resolution nanoscale imaging of biological samples like bacteria.

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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) offers high-resolution 3D reconstruction without optical limitations.
  • Accurate phase projections are crucial for tomographic combination and quantitative imaging.
  • Existing methods for processing and aligning these projections can be complex and sensitive to sample features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop robust algorithms for post-processing and alignment of tomographic phase projections in CDI.
  • To enable accurate and high-resolution 3D imaging of biological samples.
  • To simplify and improve the reliability of the CDI reconstruction pipeline.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a method for removing constant and linear phase terms from reconstructions.
  • Introduced an automatic projection alignment algorithm effective even without fiducial markers.
  • Implemented a tomographic reconstruction method that avoids phase unwrapping by working with phase projections modulo 2π.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful 3D imaging of bacteria populations within legume root-nodule cells.
  • The proposed algorithms provide robust post-processing and alignment for phase projections.
  • The alignment algorithm shows promise for both CDI and lens-based nanoscale tomography.

Conclusions:

  • The presented algorithms significantly enhance the capabilities of coherent diffractive imaging for quantitative 3D reconstruction.
  • These advancements facilitate high-resolution nanoscale imaging of biological structures.
  • The developed methods offer a more robust and streamlined approach to tomographic phase imaging.