Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cognitive-neural effects of brush writing of chinese characters: cortical excitation of theta rhythm.

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM·2013

Same author

Anti-inflammatory compounds of "Qin-Jiao", the roots of Gentiana dahurica (Gentianaceae).

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2013

Same author

Molecular characterization of prolactin receptor (cPRLR) gene in chickens: gene structure, tissue expression, promoter analysis, and its interaction with chicken prolactin (cPRL) and prolactin-like protein (cPRL-L).

Molecular and cellular endocrinology·2013

Same author

Plasma microRNA, a potential biomarker for acute rejection after liver transplantation.

Transplantation·2013

Same author

Significant coronary stenosis in asymptomatic Chinese with different glycemic status.

Diabetes care·2013

Same author

Impaired lung function is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

PloS one·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Scattering-phase theorem: anomalous diffraction by forward-peaked scattering media.

¹Department of Physics, Fairfield University, 1073 North Benson Road, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA. mxu@mail.fairfield.edu

|November 24, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study provides a new derivation and corrected relationship for the scattering-phase theorem, enhancing its accuracy for characterizing random media optical properties using phase imaging.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Area of Science:

* Optics and Photonics
* Biomedical Optics
* Materials Science

Background:

* The scattering-phase theorem relates optical scattering coefficients to phase map properties of light through random media.
* Accurate characterization of scattering properties is crucial for understanding light propagation in biological tissues and materials.

Purpose of the Study:

* To present a new derivation and corrected formulation of the scattering-phase theorem.
* To extend the applicability of the theorem with relaxed constraints on sample thickness.
* To validate the theorem's application in determining optical properties of various scattering media.

Main Methods:

* Theoretical derivation of the scattering-phase theorem based on anomalous diffraction.
* Numerical simulations to illustrate the theorem's validity conditions.
* Quantitative phase imaging of polystyrene sphere and Intralipid-20% suspensions.

Main Results:

* A corrected relationship between phase gradient variance and the reduced scattering coefficient was established.
* New scattering-phase relations were derived with relaxed thickness requirements.
* Accurate determination of scattering coefficient (μs), reduced scattering coefficient (μ's), and anisotropy factor (g) was achieved for test samples.

Conclusions:

* The revised scattering-phase theorem accurately characterizes optical properties of random media.
* Spatially-resolved maps of μs, μ's, and g can be generated using quantitative phase imaging.
* This method offers broad applications in characterizing homogeneous and heterogeneous random media.