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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
07:39

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

Coupling strength of complex plasmonic structures in the multiple dipole approximation.

Lutz Langguth1, Harald Giessen

  • 14th Physics Institute and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.

Optics Express
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a fast, simple model to calculate plasmonic object interactions. This method uses current distributions and dipole approximations for accurate spatial dependence calculations.

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Area of Science:

  • * Physics, specifically condensed matter physics and optics.
  • * Nanotechnology and materials science, focusing on plasmonic systems.

Background:

  • * Understanding the interaction strength between plasmonic objects is crucial for designing advanced optical devices.
  • * Existing methods can be computationally intensive and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To present a simplified yet accurate model for calculating the spatial dependence of interaction strength between plasmonic objects.
  • * To provide a computationally efficient method suitable for standard personal computers.

Main Methods:

  • * Utilizes a multiple dipole approximation based on current distributions at resonance frequencies of individual plasmonic objects.
  • * Calculates interaction strength by evaluating the potential energy of weighted dipoles within the scattered fields of coupled objects.
  • * Incorporates retardation effects into the calculation scheme.

Main Results:

  • * The model accurately calculates the spatial dependence of interaction strength for various plasmonic configurations.
  • * Demonstrated applicability to coupled stacked plasmonic wires, stereometamaterials, and plasmon-induced transparency systems.
  • * The calculation process is highly efficient, completing in seconds on a standard PC.

Conclusions:

  • * The proposed multiple dipole approximation model offers a computationally inexpensive and rapid approach to quantifying plasmonic interactions.
  • * This method facilitates the design and optimization of complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials.
  • * The model's efficiency makes it a valuable tool for both research and practical applications in plasmonics.