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Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

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Published on: January 29, 2013

On optical forces in spherical whispering gallery mode resonators.

J T Rubin¹, L Deych

¹Department of Physics, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA.

|November 24, 2011

Summary

The optical force on a polarizable dipole within an optical cavity is non-conservative, meaning it cannot be derived from potential energy. This study modifies standard optical force formulas to account for cavity mode alterations.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Optics
Quantum Electrodynamics

Background:

Optical forces are crucial in manipulating microscopic objects.
Standard models often assume conservative forces, limiting applicability in complex systems.
Optical cavities significantly modify electromagnetic fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the nature of optical forces exerted by optical cavities on polarizable dipoles.
To analyze how cavity mode modifications affect these forces.
To develop generalized formulas for optical forces in such systems.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of electromagnetic field interactions within an optical cavity.
Calculation of forces on a polarizable dipole using modified cavity modes.
Comparison with results derived from the Maxwell stress tensor.

Main Results:

The force exerted by the optical cavity field on a polarizable dipole is shown to be non-conservative.
All force components are non-conservative and cannot be derived from a potential energy.
Modified standard formulas accurately reproduce calculated optical forces.

Conclusions:

Cavity mode modifications fundamentally alter optical force properties.
The non-conservative nature of the force has significant implications for dipole dynamics.
The proposed generalized formulas offer a more accurate description of optical forces in cavities.