Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1 triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.

The Uncertainty Principle

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He mathematically...

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Spontaneous growth of Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes waves in fibers.

Optics letters·2007

Same author

Experimental error filtration for quantum communication over highly noisy channels.

Physical review letters·2005

Same author

Vector modulation instability induced by vacuum fluctuations in highly birefringent fibers in the anomalous-dispersion regime.

Optics letters·2005

Same author

Provably secure experimental quantum bit-string generation.

Physical review letters·2005

Same author

Fiber-optics implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa and Bernstein-Vazirani quantum algorithms with three qubits.

Physical review letters·2003

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Quantum imaging with N-photon states in position space.

¹Service OPERA, Universit´e libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. ebrainis@ulb.ac.be

|November 24, 2011

Summary

We explore quantum imaging using more than two entangled photons. A generalized Huygens-Fresnel principle accurately describes the propagation of multi-photon states in space and time.

Area of Science:

Quantum optics
Quantum information science
Photonics

Background:

Quantum imaging utilizes entangled photons for enhanced resolution and information.
Extending quantum imaging to multi-photon systems (N>2) presents theoretical and practical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a theoretical framework for quantum imaging with N > 2 entangled photons.
To describe the space-time propagation of multi-photon wave functions.
To explore applications in state shaping and entanglement swapping.

Main Methods:

Derivation of a generalized Huygens-Fresnel principle for N-photon wave functions.
Application of the formalism to paraxial propagation.
Modeling the generation of multiple photon pairs in separate thin crystals.

More Related Videos

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Main Results:

The generalized Huygens-Fresnel principle accurately describes N-photon propagation.
The formalism simplifies setting initial conditions on multiple planes.
Demonstration of applications in quantum state shaping and spatial entanglement swapping.

Conclusions:

The developed formalism provides a powerful tool for analyzing multi-photon quantum imaging.
This work facilitates the design of advanced quantum imaging protocols.
Potential for enhanced spatial resolution and novel quantum information processing.