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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
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Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Long-Term Memory01:18

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Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography
09:25

Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography

Published on: July 26, 2019

Long-term memory prepares neural activity for perception.

Mark G Stokes1, Kathryn Atherton, Eva Zita Patai

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom. mark.stokes@ohba.ox.ac.uk

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Past experiences stored in long-term memory (LTM) sharpen perception by guiding attention to predicted locations. This memory-guided attention involves specific brain activity changes in visual and frontoparietal networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Perception

Background:

  • Past experience is crucial for optimizing perception.
  • Neural mechanisms integrating long-term memory (LTM) with perception are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how LTM content optimizes perception through anticipatory brain states.
  • To elucidate the neural basis of memory-guided attention.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a paradigm combining LTM and attentional orienting.
  • Employed electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze brain oscillations.
  • Used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain activity.

Main Results:

  • LTM content enhanced perceptual sensitivity at memory-predicted locations.
  • Memory-guided attention correlated with alpha-band desynchronization in visual cortex (EEG).
  • LTM-based spatial predictions modulated preparatory activity in extrastriate visual cortex (fMRI).

Conclusions:

  • LTM optimizes perception by modulating anticipatory neural states.
  • A network including the hippocampus and dorsal frontoparietal regions organizes these preparatory states in visual cortex.