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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Disorders of Hemostasis

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.

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Updated: May 27, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Migraine and hypercoagulable states in ischemic stroke.

P Martínez-Sánchez¹, M Martínez-Martínez, B Fuentes

¹IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain.

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache

|November 24, 2011

Summary

Migraine, particularly migraine with aura, may increase the risk of hypercoagulable states in young ischemic stroke patients. This study found a higher prevalence of these conditions in migraineurs with brain ischemia.

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Hematology
Vascular Medicine

Background:

The link between migraine and hypercoagulable states (HS) in ischemic stroke patients remains unclear.
Investigating this association is crucial for understanding stroke etiology in younger individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if migraine is associated with an increased prevalence of hypercoagulable states in patients experiencing ischemic stroke.
To explore the specific roles of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) in this association.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 154 ischemic stroke patients under 55 years old.
Systematic questionnaires assessed migraine history (MA or MO).
Extensive hematological tests identified hypercoagulable states; patent foramen ovale (PFO) was assessed via echocardiography.

Main Results:

Hypercoagulable states were significantly more frequent in patients with migraine (38.6%) compared to those without (16.4%).
Migraine without aura (MO) showed a 2.88-fold increased risk of HS.
Migraine with aura (MA) was independently associated with HS in patients under 50 with brain infarction (OR 6.81).

Conclusions:

Migraine may be linked to a higher incidence of hypercoagulable states in young ischemic stroke patients.
Migraine with aura appears to be a significant independent risk factor for HS in this demographic.