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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

Simultaneous immunization against tuberculosis.

Elma Z Tchilian1, Edward O Ronan, Catherine de Lara

  • 1The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. elma.tchilian@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Plos One
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simultaneous immunization (SIM) using intranasal and parenteral routes with BCG vaccine offers superior tuberculosis protection in mice compared to traditional methods. This novel strategy enhances immune response, potentially improving vaccine efficacy in humans.

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Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
06:26

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the sole licensed tuberculosis vaccine, offering limited protection against adult pulmonary disease.
  • Existing parenteral prime-boost regimens show promise in animal models but require human trials.
  • Improved immunization strategies are needed to combat tuberculosis effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous immunization (SIM) against tuberculosis.
  • To compare SIM with traditional parenteral BCG vaccination.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying SIM-induced protection.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were immunized via parenteral, intranasal, or simultaneous routes using BCG or recombinant mycobacterial antigens.
  • Immunized mice were challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).
  • Mtb growth kinetics in the lungs were measured to assess protection.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous immunization (SIM) significantly enhanced protection against Mtb compared to parenteral BCG alone.
  • Intranasal immunization provided early pulmonary immunity, while parenteral immunization offered later protection.
  • The combined effects of SIM were additive, reducing lung Mtb load by up to 2 logs.

Conclusions:

  • SIM represents a novel and highly effective immunization strategy for tuberculosis.
  • This approach can be administered in a single clinic visit.
  • SIM's efficacy is independent of prime-boost responses and may complement existing strategies.