Principles of implant-based reconstruction and rehabilitation of craniofacial defects

The final stages of reconstruction following craniofacial trauma or tumor resection often involve the fitting of prostheses. Development of osseointegrated implants for retention of prostheses has improved function and aesthetic outcome. Placement of osseointegrated implants requires coordinated care from multiple specialists and a lifetime commitment of the patient. The workup and surgical treatment algorithms for placement of intraoral compared with extraoral implants are discussed. The quality and quantity of bone available are the most important factors influencing design and placement. The long-term retention of implants is influenced by implant site, local tissue bed preparation, and hygiene. Osseointegrated implants are a part of the complete rehabilitation of patients with craniomaxillofacial defects. Although final fitting and maintenance of prostheses is completed by prosthodontists and patients, successful placement and preservation of implants is affected largely by the plan set forth by the reconstructive surgeon.