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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
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Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

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One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure
09:28

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Published on: June 25, 2010

First trimester biochemistry at different maternal ages.

Jenni K Ranta1, Jaana Marttala, Päivi Laitinen

  • 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
|November 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

First trimester biochemical screening for Down syndrome is more effective in women aged 35 and older. For younger mothers, combined screening is recommended for better detection rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Prenatal diagnostics
  • Biochemical screening

Background:

  • A large-scale study analyzed first-trimester biochemical screening performance.
  • Data from 76,949 women screened between 2002-2008 were evaluated.
  • Screening effectiveness was assessed across different gestational ages and maternal age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of first-trimester biochemical screening.
  • To evaluate screening effectiveness based on gestational week and maternal age.
  • To identify optimal screening strategies for different maternal demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Compared detection rates and median multiples of medians (MOMs) for free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A).
  • Analyzed data from gestational weeks 8-13.
  • Stratified analysis by maternal age in 5-year groupings.

Main Results:

  • Identified 221 singleton Down syndrome pregnancies.
  • Median maternal age was 30 years; 16.9% of women were aged ≥ 35.
  • Detection rates for Down syndrome were 38.6% in women <35 years and 82.7% in women ≥ 35 years (p<0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Biochemical screening demonstrates superior performance in women aged 35 and above.
  • For maternal ages below 35, combined screening is suggested as the preferred method.
  • Tailoring screening strategies based on maternal age can optimize Down syndrome detection.