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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Carney complex with adrenal cortical carcinoma.

Emilie Morin1, Ozgur Mete, Jonathan D Wasserman

  • 1Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|November 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carney complex patients can develop adrenal cortical carcinoma, a rare malignancy. This study details a case, including genetic findings and response to radiation and kinase inhibitors, impacting future surveillance and management.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Carney complex is a rare genetic syndrome associated with multiple neoplasms.
  • Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, not previously linked to Carney complex.

Observation:

  • A 22-year-old female with Carney complex developed an 8.5-cm adrenal mass (T3NXM0 carcinoma).
  • Pathology revealed high MIB-1 labeling (20%) and angioinvasion.
  • Nontumorous adrenal cortex showed features of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease.

Findings:

  • Genetic analysis identified a novel PRKAR1 frame shift mutation and a heterozygous p53 polymorphic substitution.
  • The patient's liver recurrence showed a partial response to stereotactic radiotherapy and sorafenib multikinase inhibition.

Implications:

  • This is the first characterization of malignancy in Carney complex patients.
  • Findings suggest the need for enhanced surveillance and tailored management strategies for individuals with this genetic syndrome.