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The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications
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Bioresponsive systems based on polygalacturonate containing hydrogels.

Konstantin P Schneider1, Alexandra Rollett, Eva Wehrschuetz-Sigl

  • 1Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria. k.schneider@tugraz.at

Enzyme and Microbial Technology
|November 25, 2011
PubMed
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New polysaccharide acid (PSA) hydrogel devices detect contaminating microorganisms. These devices release a dye when exposed to enzymes or bacteria, enabling visual detection and offering improved storage stability.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Polysaccharide acids (PSA) like alginic acid and polygalacturonic acid are suitable for developing novel detection devices.
  • Existing detection methods may lack specificity or require complex analysis.
  • Developing sensitive and visually detectable systems for microbial contamination is crucial in various industries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate polysaccharide acid (PSA) based hydrogel devices for detecting contaminating microorganisms.
  • To compare PSA-CaCl(2) hydrogel systems with covalently cross-linked PSA-GMA systems.
  • To evaluate the enzyme-triggered release of a model ingredient (Alizarin) for sensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of PSA-CaCl(2) and PSA-GMA hydrogel beads.

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  • Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to confirm covalent cross-linking.
  • Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) to analyze surface changes upon trigger.
  • Quantification of Alizarin release triggered by specific enzymes (polygalacturonases, pectate lyases) and microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Yersinia entercolitica).
  • Assessment of Alizarin release kinetics and stability with and without an enzymatically modified PET membrane.

    • Main Results:

    • Both PSA-CaCl(2) and PSA-GMA beads showed Alizarin release upon incubation with trigger enzymes or bacteria, confirmed by ESEM surface changes.
    • Enzyme-triggered Alizarin release was demonstrated with commercial and purified enzymes.
    • PSA-GMA beads exhibited restricted Alizarin release in the absence of enzymes compared to PSA-CaCl(2) beads.
    • A linear correlation was observed between Alizarin release and enzyme activity.
    • Microbial contamination by Bacillus subtilis and Yersinia entercolitica also triggered Alizarin release.
    • Attachment of a PET membrane improved long-term storage stability, reducing dye release to <1% over 21 days and enabling visual detection via color change.

    Conclusions:

    • PSA-based hydrogel devices, particularly PSA-GMA, show promise for selective and sensitive detection of microbial contamination and enzymatic activity.
    • The incorporation of a protective membrane enhances device stability and allows for simple visual monitoring.
    • These findings suggest potential applications in food safety, environmental monitoring, and diagnostics.