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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce relaxation in these...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
07:28

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Published on: April 6, 2017

Systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids.

Pierre Ernst1, Samy Suissa

  • 1Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste.-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. pierre.ernst@mcgill.ca

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|November 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are safe for asthma treatment at usual doses. High-dose ICS use may increase risks for tuberculosis and diabetes, but not pneumonia, glaucoma, or fetal adrenal function.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are primary treatments for asthma.
  • Safety concerns necessitate ongoing evaluation of ICS use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the safety of ICSs in asthma and COPD.
  • To identify potential risks associated with ICS therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of articles published within the last year.
  • Analysis of studies concerning ICS safety in asthma and COPD patients.

Main Results:

  • No increased pneumonia risk in asthma patients using ICSs.
  • High-dose ICSs may exacerbate tuberculosis risk and increase diabetes onset/progression.
  • No increased risk of glaucoma or adverse effects on fetal adrenal function observed.

Conclusions:

  • ICSs are effective for asthma with a good safety profile at low doses.
  • Adverse effects are primarily associated with higher ICS doses.