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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are called the...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

A novel and versatile computational tool to model translation.

Dominique Chu1, Nicolae Zabet, Tobias von der Haar

  • 1School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent CT2 7NF, UK. d.f.chu@kent.ac.uk

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|November 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new Java software tool models gene translation, integrating complex data on tRNA pools, ribosome interactions, and initiation rates for any organism. This computational tool advances systems biology research.

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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Gene translation mechanisms are well-understood.
  • High-throughput technologies provide quantitative data on translation.
  • Realistic, system-wide simulation models for translation are now feasible.
  • Models are crucial for integrating fragmented data on translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, efficient software tool for modeling gene translation.
  • To provide a tool that represents key aspects of translation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a software tool written in Java.
  • Incorporated features such as exhaustible tRNA pools, ribosome-ribosome interactions, and differential mRNA initiation rates.
  • Ensured portability and parameterization for any organism.

Main Results:

  • The software tool effectively models gene translation.
  • The tool represents main aspects of translation, including resource limitations and regulatory mechanisms.
  • The software is portable and adaptable across different organisms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed software provides a valuable resource for systems-level analysis of gene translation.
  • This tool facilitates the integration of diverse experimental data into a cohesive simulation framework.
  • The software is accessible to researchers for broad application in molecular and computational biology.