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Updated: May 27, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Exercise in individuals with CKD.

Kirsten L Johansen¹, Patricia Painter

¹Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Nephrology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation

|November 25, 2011

Summary

Exercise benefits patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on dialysis by improving physical function and cardiovascular risk factors. It appears safe when initiated moderately, with inactivity posing a greater risk.

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Exercise Physiology
Cardiovascular Health

Background:

Limited research exists on exercise interventions for nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
Understanding the benefits and risks of exercise is crucial for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the rationale for exercise in nondialysis CKD patients.
To evaluate exercise's effects on physical functioning, disease progression, and cardiovascular risk factors.
To address exercise safety and provide implementation recommendations.

Main Methods:

Review of uncontrolled studies and small randomized controlled trials.
Analysis of existing literature on exercise and CKD.

Main Results:

Exercise training improves physical performance and functioning in CKD patients.
Exercise may improve cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
No studies report worsening kidney function due to exercise; safety is suggested with gradual, moderate initiation.

Conclusions:

Exercise appears safe and beneficial for nondialysis CKD patients, enhancing physical function and cardiovascular health.
Current evidence suggests inactivity poses a higher risk than moderate exercise.
Patients should be encouraged to increase physical activity and consider referrals to physical therapy or cardiac rehabilitation.