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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping
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Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Published on: February 22, 2018

Reverse atrial electrical remodeling: a systematic review.

Helen Pang1, Ricardo Ronderos, Andrés Ricardo Pérez-Riera

  • 1Cardiology Division, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Cardiology Journal
|November 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Atrial electrical remodeling, changes in heart

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology and Electrophysiology
  • Cardiac Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Atrial remodeling describes changes in atrial structure or function, first defined in 1995.
  • Atrial electrical remodeling involves reduced refractory period, action potential duration, and conduction velocity.
  • This remodeling creates conditions favorable for atrial fibrillation initiation and maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the phenomenon of reverse atrial electrical remodeling.
  • To examine the occurrence of reversibility of atrial electrical remodeling in diverse clinical contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing animal and human studies.
  • Analysis of clinical settings where reverse atrial electrical remodeling has been observed.

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Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
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Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: May 29, 2015

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping
08:19

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Published on: February 22, 2018

Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
11:21

Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: May 29, 2015

Main Results:

  • Atrial electrical remodeling is a known contributor to atrial fibrillation.
  • Evidence indicates that atrial electrical remodeling is a reversible process.

Conclusions:

  • Reverse atrial electrical remodeling occurs in various clinical scenarios.
  • Understanding the reversibility of atrial electrical remodeling is crucial for therapeutic strategies against atrial fibrillation.