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Implementing Changes in Institutions to Improve Young Children's Development.

Christina J Groark1, Robert B McCall

  • 1University of Pittsburgh Office of Child Development.

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|November 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Millions of children in institutions worldwide experience developmental delays due to institutional care. Modifying institutions to be more family-like significantly improves child development outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Institutional Care

Background:

  • Approximately 8 million children globally reside in institutional settings, primarily from birth to 8 years old.
  • Common institutional characteristics include large groups, high child-to-caregiver ratios, frequent caregiver changes, and an "institutional style of caregiving" that lacks sensitive interactions.
  • Children in institutions often exhibit delayed development across all physical and behavioral domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe practical steps for modifying residential institutions to be more family-like.
  • To highlight research indicating improved child development with such modifications.
  • To provide guidance for improving care in institutions that will continue to exist for the foreseeable future.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on institutional care and child development.
  • Analysis of authors' practical experience in implementing changes in residential institutions.
  • Description of specific structural and behavioral modifications for caregivers.

Main Results:

  • Institutional environments with specific characteristics negatively impact child development.
  • Modifying institutions to be more family-like leads to substantial improvements in development for all children, including those with special needs.
  • Implementing changes can create more nurturing and responsive environments.

Conclusions:

  • Institutions are likely to persist for years, necessitating improvements in care.
  • Transforming institutions into family-like environments is feasible and beneficial.
  • Evidence-based strategies can enhance the well-being and development of institutionalized children.