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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

Anionic polyelectrolyte-stabilized nanoparticles via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization.

M Semsarilar1, V Ladmiral, A Blanazs

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|November 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Anionic diblock copolymer nanoparticles were synthesized using RAFT polymerization. Adding salt or using mixed stabilizers overcomes charge repulsion, enabling tunable nanoparticle size and morphology.

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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

Published on: September 20, 2011

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

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Published on: June 8, 2016

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
06:47

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

Published on: September 20, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful technique for creating complex polymer architectures.
  • Anionic steric stabilizers are crucial for nanoparticle stability but can lead to self-assembly issues due to charge repulsion.
  • RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization offers a versatile platform for controlled synthesis of block copolymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize anionic sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization.
  • To investigate the effects of synthesis parameters (salt concentration, charge density) on nanoparticle formation and stability.
  • To explore methods for overcoming charge repulsion in anionic stabilizers for controlled self-assembly.

Main Methods:

  • RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization using poly(potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PKSPMA) as an anionic macro-CTA and poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA) as the hydrophobic block.
  • Systematic variation of salt concentration, solids content, block composition, and charge density.
  • Characterization using (1)H NMR, GPC, DLS, TEM, and aqueous electrophoresis.

Main Results:

  • Self-assembly issues due to charge repulsion were overcome by adding salt or using a binary mixture of anionic and nonionic macro-CTAs.
  • Spherical nanoparticles (50-200 nm) with tunable anionic surface charge were successfully prepared.
  • Low polydispersities (M(w)/M(n) < 1.30) and significant hydration of PHPMA chains were observed.
  • Vesicular morphology was accessible using a binary macro-CTA mixture.

Conclusions:

  • RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization is effective for synthesizing anionic diblock copolymer nanoparticles.
  • Salt addition and mixed stabilizer systems are viable strategies to control nanoparticle self-assembly and morphology.
  • The developed method allows for tunable nanoparticle properties, including size and surface charge.