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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
03:13

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research

Published on: November 3, 2023

Hydrogen sulfide and renal ischemia.

Yi-Hong Liu1, Ming Lu, Jin-Song Bian

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
|November 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against kidney injuries, particularly ischemia-reperfusion damage. Research is revealing its physiological roles and therapeutic potential in renal diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter with known protective effects.
  • Studies have primarily focused on H2S in cardiac and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
  • Recent research highlights the emerging role of H2S in kidney physiology and pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current research on the relationship between H2S and the kidneys.
  • To emphasize the protective effects of H2S against renal ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
  • To discuss the signaling mechanisms underlying H2S's protective actions in the kidneys.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on H2S and renal function.
  • Analysis of research findings concerning H2S in physiological and pathological renal conditions.

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Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
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Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
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  • Synthesis of information on H2S signaling pathways in renal protection.

    • Main Results:

    • H2S demonstrates protective effects in various kidney injury models.
    • Evidence suggests H2S plays a role in both normal kidney function and disease states.
    • Specific signaling mechanisms contributing to renal protection by H2S are being elucidated.

    Conclusions:

    • H2S is a significant factor in renal protection, especially against ischemia-reperfusion.
    • Further research into H2S signaling pathways can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.
    • H2S holds promise as a protective agent for kidney health.