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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
12:02

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

SNIPPV vs NIPPV: does synchronization matter?

V Dumpa1, K Katz, V Northrup

  • 1Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|November 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (SNIPPV) showed no significant difference in clinical outcomes compared to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for premature infants. This study found no added benefit of synchronization for neonatal intensive care unit patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Respiratory Support
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) improves outcomes for premature neonates.
  • The clinical impact of synchronizing NIPPV (SNIPPV) in this population remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical outcomes between SNIPPV and NIPPV in premature infants.
  • To determine if synchronized ventilation offers significant advantages over standard NIPPV.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of infants receiving NIPPV from 2004-2009.
  • Comparison of outcomes between SNIPPV (2004-2006) and NIPPV (2007-2009) groups.
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) defined by NIH criteria; statistical analyses included chi-squared, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and generalized linear mixed models.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, or maternal/infant demographics between SNIPPPV and NIPPV groups.
  • Higher surfactant use in the SNIPPV group; higher delivery room resuscitation in the NIPPV group.
  • No significant differences in rates of patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, or necrotizing enterocolitis.

Conclusions:

  • Synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (SNIPPV) is not significantly associated with differential clinical outcomes compared to NIPPV.
  • Current data suggest no added benefit of synchronization for premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.