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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

Autoimmune diseases and polyamines.

Wesley H Brooks1

  • 1Experimental HTS, SRB-3, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612-9416, USA. wesley.brooks@moffitt.org

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|November 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The polyamine hypothesis suggests increased polyamine synthesis in autoimmune diseases depletes S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), disrupting cellular methylation and gene expression. This epigenetic disruption may explain autoimmune disease development.

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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases involve complex genetic and environmental factors.
  • Epigenetics, reversible changes in gene expression without DNA alteration, offers new insights.
  • DNA and histone methylation are key epigenetic mechanisms regulated by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of polyamines in epigenetic dysregulation in autoimmune diseases.
  • To propose the "polyamine hypothesis" linking polyamine metabolism to epigenetic alterations.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the biochemical competition for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) between polyamine synthesis and cellular methylation.
  • It examines how increased polyamine levels affect DNA and histone methylation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Polyamines and cellular methylation both require SAM for synthesis.
  • Elevated polyamine levels, observed in autoimmune diseases, may deplete SAM availability.
  • This depletion can impair crucial methylation-dependent processes, including gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The polyamine hypothesis posits that increased polyamine synthesis disrupts epigenetic control by competing for SAM.
  • This competition can lead to abnormal gene expression and dysfunction in methylation-dependent pathways.
  • Further research into polyamine-epigenetic interactions is crucial for understanding and treating autoimmune diseases.