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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Challenges in defining and classifying the preterm birth syndrome.

Michael S Kramer1, Aris Papageorghiou, Jennifer Culhane

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new classification system for preterm birth was proposed to address inconsistencies. This article reviews key issues in preterm birth measurement and classification for a standardized approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth classification lacks uniformity, hindering research and clinical practice.
  • The Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth identified the need for a consistent system.
  • Existing classifications present challenges in gestational age measurement and defining etiologic phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical issues in preterm birth classification.
  • To lay the groundwork for a comprehensive, uniform system.
  • To address measurement, clinical vs. etiologic phenotypes, and inclusion criteria for preterm birth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing preterm birth classification challenges.
  • Analysis of measurement accuracy and consistency in gestational age determination.
  • Examination of criteria for including/excluding multifetal and stillborn infants.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant inconsistencies in gestational age measurement.
  • Highlighted the complexity of distinguishing clinical and etiologic phenotypes.
  • Discussed the need for clear inclusion/exclusion criteria for specific infant groups.

Conclusions:

  • A standardized preterm birth classification system is essential for advancing research and improving outcomes.
  • Addressing the reviewed issues is crucial for developing a practical and effective classification system.
  • This review sets the stage for a proposed system in subsequent articles.