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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Dysfunction of fronto-limbic brain circuitry in depression.

C Liao1, Z Feng, D Zhou

  • 1Educational Center of Mental Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.

Neuroscience
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Depression is linked to a negative bias, with abnormal brain activity in emotion and control regions. These areas may interact, contributing to cognitive bias and depression.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
07:12

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Depression is marked by a consistent negative bias towards emotional stimuli.
  • This bias correlates with atypical activity in emotion-processing (amygdala) and cognitive-control (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]) regions.
  • The interplay between these regions in influencing negative cognitive bias is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether emotion-processing and cognitive-control regions independently or reciprocally influence negative cognitive bias in depression.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive bias in major depressive disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted.
  • 16 patients with depression and 16 matched controls performed an emotion-interference task.

Main Results:

  • Depressed individuals exhibited lower accuracy when attending to happy and neutral faces compared to controls.
  • Depressed patients showed abnormal activity in the bilateral amygdala and right DLPFC.
  • A significant correlation between right amygdala and right DLPFC activity was observed during happy face perception.

Conclusions:

  • Dysfunction in positive emotion-processing and cognitive-control regions may reciprocally impact negative cognitive bias.
  • Altered processing of positive emotional interference within the fronto-limbic circuitry could contribute to negative cognitive bias and depression.