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Object-memory evaluation for prospective detection of dementia in normal functioning elderly: predictive and

P A Fuld1, D M Masur, A D Blau

  • 1Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|August 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Memory testing shows promise for predicting dementia in older adults. A brief object-memory test identified individuals who later developed dementia, with higher accuracy when fewer items were recalled.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Early detection of dementia is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Cognitive decline in initially normal elderly individuals requires reliable predictive markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the Fuld Object-Memory Evaluation (OM) as a predictor of dementia in cognitively normal elderly individuals.
  • To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the OM test for identifying incipient dementia.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study administered a brief Fuld Object-Memory Evaluation to 474 cognitively normal volunteers aged 75-85.
  • Memory test data from the final evaluation before cognitive change were analyzed for 56 subjects who later developed dementia.
  • The predictive value of recalling 6 or fewer, and 5 or fewer, objects was assessed.

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Main Results:

  • Subjects who later developed dementia recalled fewer objects (5.96) compared to the baseline group (7.28).
  • Recalling 6 or fewer objects predicted dementia in 32 of 56 cases (PV+ 39%, PV- 89%).
  • Recalling 5 or fewer objects increased predictive value (PV+ 59%, PV- 94%) with high specificity (.96).

Conclusions:

  • The Fuld Object-Memory Evaluation demonstrates potential as a screening tool for predicting dementia in the elderly.
  • Memory testing offers a promising, non-invasive method for identifying individuals at risk for cognitive decline.
  • Adjusting recall cutoffs can optimize the predictive accuracy of the OM test for dementia.