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Effectiveness of interventions to reduce coronary heart disease risk
O O Adedeji1, G K Oyakhire, A K Saeed
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha,Saudi Arabia. adedeji12us@yahoo.com
Insights
Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk reduction interventions, including lipid-lowering therapies and lifestyle changes, effectively lowered key risk factors in Saudi Arabian patients. These interventions significantly reduced body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, and lipid levels, demonstrating their efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) poses a significant global health burden, with increasing incidence in developing nations.
- The effectiveness of CHD interventions in resource-limited settings is often debated due to competing health priorities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of CHD risk reduction interventions.
- To assess the impact of lipid-lowering and lifestyle modifications on CHD risk factors in a Saudi Arabian population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 100 patients (47 males, 53 females) aged 33-61 years attending a lipid clinic in Saudi Arabia.
- Interventions included lipid-lowering therapies, dietary, and lifestyle modifications.
- Key outcome measures were changes in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profiles, and absolute risk category.
Main Results:
- Significant reductions observed in BMI (2.75%), diastolic blood pressure (5.13%), blood glucose (6.51%), total cholesterol (16.35%), LDL-cholesterol (4.81%), and triglycerides (35.01%).
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels remained stable within the normal range.
- Substantial absolute risk reductions were achieved across all risk categories, with 62% of patients moving to the lowest risk category (one or no risk factors).
Conclusions:
- Lipid-lowering interventions and lifestyle modifications are effective in reducing CHD risk in the studied Saudi Arabian population.
- These interventions yield significant risk reductions in a short period, regardless of the patient's initial risk status.
Background:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries, and its incidence is increasing in the developing world. The effectiveness of interventions in developing countries has been questioned in view of the overwhelming burden of other health problems in such environments.
Objective:
To determine the effectiveness of coronary heart disease risk reduction interventions.
Methods:
The effects of lipid lowering interventions as well as dietary and lifestyle modifications on some risk factors of CHD were studied retrospectively in 47 males and 53 female patients [aged 33 to 61 years; mean age 47.20 ±14.17 years] attending a lipid clinic in Saudi Arabia. The main outcome measures were reductions in the values of the body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as absolute reductions of risk category.
Results:
The interventions were associated with reduced BMI by 2.75 percent (p<0.05), systolic pressure by 3.05% (p=0.12), diastolic pressure by 5.13% (p<0.05), blood glucose by 6.51% (p<0.05), total cholesterol by 16.35% (p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol by 4.81% (p<0.05) and triglyceride by 35.01% (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol remained within the normal range before and after the interventions in all patients. Following the interventions, the absolute risk reductions in category 1 were 45.51% and 53.35%, for males and females, respectively. In category 2, the absolute risk reductions were 30.05% and 45.67%, for males and females, respectively. In category 3, the absolute risk reductions were 100% for both sexes. For the entire study population, the absolute risk reductions were 48.65% in category 1 and 38.10% in category 2, while the percentage of patients with one or no risk factor (category 3) increased by 62%.
Conclusion:
Lipid-lowering interventions appear to be as effective in reducing CHD risk in Bisha patients as in other populations. Appreciable absolute risk reductions can be achieved within a short period of time in all patients, irrespective of their initial risk status.
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