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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota01:26

Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota

Basidiomycota is a diverse phylum of fungi that includes ecologically significant decomposers such as white rot fungi, symbionts like mycorrhizal fungi, plant pathogens such as rusts and smuts, and edible species like Agaricus bisporus (the common button mushroom). These fungi play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, symbiotic relationships, and even human health. Their defining feature is the basidium, a microscopic club-shaped structure responsible for producing basidiospores.Fruiting Bodies...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Sexual Crosses with the Mucoromycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus
05:34

Sexual Crosses with the Mucoromycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus

Published on: June 6, 2025

Concurrent mycetoma and chromomycosis.

R Murthy1, J P Swain

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare co-infection of chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma in a cattle farmer. Combined fungal infections present treatment challenges with poor outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chromoblastomycosis and Madura foot are chronic subcutaneous mycoses.
  • These infections typically result from traumatic implantation of fungi in outdoor workers.
  • Co-infection presents significant therapeutic challenges and high relapse rates.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old cattle farmer presented with a 9-year history of verrucous nodules and discharging sinuses on his left lower leg and foot.
  • KOH mount revealed Fonsecaea pedrosoi, and biopsy confirmed fungal mycetoma.
  • The patient received Itraconazole and cotrimoxazole with minimal improvement.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of co-existing chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma confirmed.
  • Fonsecaea pedrosoi identified as the causative agent for chromoblastomycosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Sexual Crosses with the Mucoromycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus
05:34

Sexual Crosses with the Mucoromycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus

Published on: June 6, 2025

  • Treatment with Itraconazole and cotrimoxazole showed limited efficacy.

    • Implications:

    • This rare co-infection highlights diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.
    • Geographical distribution may influence the occurrence of combined mycoses.
    • Further research into effective treatment strategies for co-infections is warranted.