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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

Epigenetic targets in human neoplasms.

Tamer E Fandy¹, Steven D Gore

¹Division of Hematologic Malignancies, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

|November 30, 2011

Summary

Epigenetic silencing of genes drives cancer. Reversing this silencing through DNA methylation reversal or targeting histone modifications offers a promising cancer treatment strategy by re-expressing tumor suppressor genes and miRNAs.

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Published on: October 31, 2016

Area of Science:

Oncology
Epigenetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes is a hallmark of cancer.
Re-expressing these silenced genes is a viable therapeutic strategy.
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism for gene silencing in tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore epigenetic modifications as targets for cancer therapy.
To investigate the potential of reversing epigenetic silencing for cancer treatment.
To highlight the role of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNAs in cancer epigenetics.

Main Methods:

Pharmacological and genetic reversal of DNA methylation to induce gene re-expression.
Targeting histone acetylation and methylation with small-molecule modulators.
Utilizing oligonucleotides to silence aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs).

Main Results:

Reversal of DNA methylation leads to re-expression of silenced genes and proliferation arrest in tumor cells.
Small-molecule modulators of histone acetylation and methylation are in clinical development.
Epigenetic deregulation of miRNAs contributes to cancer development and progression, with potential for therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions:

Epigenetic therapy, targeting DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNAs, holds significant promise for cancer treatment.
Combination therapy with different epigenetic modifiers requires further evaluation and optimization.
Developing effective epigenetic therapies is crucial for advancing cancer treatment strategies.